刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为北京理工大学。2010年赴美国宾夕法尼亚大学交流学习；2013年美国亚利桑那大学访问学者；2015年澳大利亚新南威尔士大学ESL研修；2018年加州理工学院语言学双学位获得者；2019年赴澳大利亚麦考瑞大学交流习；GRE托福考试全球高分获得者；荣获长江商学院EMBA。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

后续更精彩……！

感谢大家的支持与关注

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分.共10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. 35 Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias(偏见),a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.

To study “jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. 36 In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did-even when their answers were wrong.

So what is behind "jumping"? Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non- jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts._ 37

It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusion made at first blush without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.

38 A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants’ overconfidence.

In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one, 39 Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.

A. Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.

B. Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence.

C. But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.

D. It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision.

E. We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping

F. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers.

G. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.

第三部分书面表达(共节32分)

第一节(共4小题;第4041题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分、共12分)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

You might not have heard of the "fresh start effect", but if you've ever made a New Year's resolution. You’re familiar with it. It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed.

The fresh start effect is simple. Most people want to improve themselves in some way. When we hit important milestones. We’re often likely to reflect: are we where we thought we’d be by a certain age? Was this year a successful year, or did we waste it? Annual landmarks like birthdays, or the start of a new year, signify a new time period and an opportunity to leave slip-ups behind and to set new goals for better behavior.

Research shows that anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect. For example, people aged 29,39,49 etc. were 48% more likely to run a marathon for the first time. When they were approaching a new decade, they were more likely to search for meaning in their lives and try to improve themselves. The reason is simple. When we see our past self as separate from our current self, we feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action.

What's interesting about the fresh start effect is that we don't need to wait for big milestones to take advantage of this sudden dose of motivation. Studies show that the firs! day of each month and even each week can also inspire us. These days, known as "temporal landmarks", encourage us to step back and evaluate our current situation. And when we do this. we gain the motivation to be better: we become more driven and more productive. That is why people are more likely to start diets or exercise plans on Monday, rather than the next day.

Fresh starts are exciting opportunities to learn from your mistakes and move forward. So if you're currently experiencing loss of motivation, questioning the meaning of your work, or just feel like you're stuck in a rut, why don't you use the fresh start effect in your own life?

40.According to the passage, what is “fresh start effect”?

41.Whyis it that "anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect"?

42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

>A fresh start like the first day of each week is a time when we forget about our mistakes and move forward.

43.Besides the fresh start effect, in what other ways do you motivate yourself in your life? (In about 40

words)